Sreechakra of Sri
Lalita &
Brahmachakra of Parabrahman
Brahmachakra of Parabrahman
(Compilation for a discourse by N.R. Srinivasan
, Nashville, TN, October2014)
The worship of Sri Lalita in Sreechakra is regarded as the most
sacred form of Devi worship. Shiva along
with Shakti is engaged in the eternal dissolution and recreation of the
universe. Siva without Sakti is
considered as Sava or eternal silence. The Bindu in the center of the
Sreechakra is the symbolic representation of the cosmic spiritual union of
Shiva and Shakti. Sreechakra also
embodies countless number of deities and represents the whole of creation according
to Sakta worshipers. By worshipping the Devi in Sreechakra one is actually
worshiping the highest ultimate force Parasakti in the Tantric form. Parasakti is Parabrahman in Sakta concept.
Sreechakra concept evolved out of Wheel of Parabrahman glorified in Svetasvatara
Upanishad. SriLalita is also called Srividya (Auspicious Knowledge).
“Auspicious Siva is capable of creating this world only when
he unites with you, Oh Parasakti!
Without you Siva cannot even shake a bit and is motionless. Therefore
how a sinner is worthy of bowing to you or worshipping you, who are worshiped by Brahma, Vishnu and Siva”
so praises Sankara the glory of Sri
Lalita or Sri Vidya (Auspicious Knowledge) in the opening verse of Soundarya
Lahari a divine composition which he edited and enlarged. Based on this Sakta followers made Parasakti
the formidable force and Supreme Being under whose direction Brahma,
Vishnu and Siva take care of Srishthi (creation), Sthiti (Sustenance) and Laya
(Dissolution).
Sivah saktaa yukto yad
bhavati saktah prabhavitam
Na chedevam devo na
khalukusalah spanditu-mapi |
Atastvaa-maaraadhyaam hari-hara-virinchaadabhi-rapi
Pranantu stotum vaa
katha-makritapunyah prabhaavatim ||
Word Sakti in Sanskrit
language is feminine. Sakti of the Lord, Prakriti is described as five rivers
causing dispassion in the minds of the aspirants. Svetasvatara recalls in the mantra 1-5: We
remember Prakriti which is having five
streams of water, having the five causes that are at the face of streams,
having the five Vital forces (pranas) as the waves, having the five cognitive
organs that are the causes of knowledge, having the five Karmendriyas (motor
organs) as whirlpools, having the five great elements that are disagreeable as
the force, and having the fifty letters beginning with A (a as in alone) as differences, and having the five states of
periods, and also Paramaatman who is the ruler over that Prakriti.
Pancha srotombu
panchayonyugravaktraam panchpraanormim panchabudhyaadi-moolaam | panchaavartaam panchaduhkhaughavegaam panchasadbhedaam pancha-parvaamdheemah || (
Sv,up. 1, 5)
BRAHMA CHAKRA
IN SVETASVATAARA UPANISHAD
This Sakti of Brahman is described as Brahmachakra in Svetasvataropanishad
as follows:
Sarvaajeeve
sarvasamsthe brihante tasmin hamso bhraamyate brahmachakre |
Prithagaatmaanam
preritaaram cha matva jushtastatastena-amritatvameti ||
In that Wheel of Brahman, which is great, which makes all beings live and
in which all are placed (at the time of dissolution) this Jeeva migrates.
Knowing that prompter and knowing himself also as different from Him and becoming
an object of love of that Paramaatman on account of that awareness, he attains
immortality.
Tameka
nemim trivritam shodasaantam sataardhaaram vimsatipratyaraabhih |
Ashtakaih
shadbhih viswaroopaikapaasam trimaarga bhedam dwinimittaikamoham ||
They realized Him to be of a form
of the wheel, having one rim, having three constituents; Having sixteen
ends, having fifty spokes, having twenty middle spokes, having six groups of
eight each, having single bond of the cosmic form, having the difference of
three paths, and having an illusion that is the cause of two.
The one rim of the wheel is
Prakriti, the three constituents are three Gunas, Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. The
sixteen modifications of matter are the sixteen ends. The fifty spokes are the fifty
alphabets of Sanskrit and there are 12 months, five seasons, the two Ayanas
(Dakhinaayana and Uttaraayana) and one Samvatsara making them 20 mid spokes.
The six groups of eight are: I. Eight kinds of wealth—Animaa, Garimaa, Mahimaa,
Laghimaa, Praapti, Praakaamyam, Eaastvam and Vasitvam (Hanuman possessed such
qualities). II. The eight directions
such as East, West etc. III. The Eight Dikpalakas (Lords of Directions) such as
Indra, Varuna and others. IV. The Eight forms of Prakriti (Nature) such as Prithavee,
Aaapah, Analah, Vaayuh, Aaakaasah, Mind, Intellect and Ego. V. The Eight kinds
of gods such as Brahma, Prajaapati, Devah, Gandharvah, Yakshaah, Raakshasaah,
Pitarah and Pisaachaah. VI. Eight kinds of Gunas—Apahatapaapmaa, vijarah,
vimrityuh, visokah, vijighatsu, apipaasah, satyasankalpah, satyakaamah. Or, it may mean one’s eight characteristics—Compaasion,
Non- jealousy, Auspiciousness etc.
In Bhagavadgeeta Supreme Being is defined as : “aksharaanaam akaarosmi”--
of the fifty letters in the divine
language Devanagari he is the first
letter short a. The
first letter short a
and the last
letter ‘ha’ together with the “nasal m” constitute aham, which is expressive of Supreme
Reality. In The Mahaavaakya Aham brahmaa asmi , aham stands for Brahman alone consisting of a first
letter and the last letter ha joining with ardha bindu and enclosing in
between all letters constituting Kshetra
(field) of Kshetrjna (Brahman) though translated as ego often in English. 50
spokes in Brahma Chakra therefore stand for 50 letters (13 vowels + 25
Consonants + 8 Halantas + Bindu + Visarga + Ksha + la as in Davala) expressive
of Supreme Reality. Brahman is often
expressed as Akshara.
[Nasal m is ardha-chandra
bimbam or transcendental sound marked by half-moon and period above as in Om which represents transcendental Brahman]
For this Brahmachakra,
Virartpurusha is a fastening bond for keeping this steady. This Viratpurusha is
the prime tether. The three paths are Devayaana divine path), Pitruyaana
(ancestral Path) and Kshudrajantubhavana (the illusion of the Aatman in the
body).
Brahma
means "the Entity which is great and has the capacity to make others
great." Brahman is composed of consciousness and energy. In Sanskrit,
Consciousness is known as Purusha and energy is called Prakriti. (Another name
for Consciousness is Shiva and Energy Shakti). Although we can say that Brahman is a
composite of consciousness and energy, it must be emphasized that Brahman is a
singular entity. Its two "parts" are like the two sides of a piece of
paper – they can never be separated. Consciousness never exists independently
from the cosmic energy.
Svetasvataropanishad describes
Brahmachakra as above. This is the
earliest representation of Paramaatman described metaphorically as a wheel.
This should have inspired later Tantric followers to represent Sri Lalita (also
known as Srividya) in Srichakra form in Kashmiri Kaula sampradaya. Srividya means Absolute Auspicious Knowledge. Some people
mistake Srichakra as representing Lakshmi because of the word Sri. Sri here
means auspicious. In a recent issue of Brahmavidya, the journal of the Adyar
Library, Subhash Kak justifies that the description of Sri Yantra is identical
to the yantra described in the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad.]
Period, triangle, octagon, two decagon, Tetra decahedron (14-sided
geometric figure), eight petals surrounded by sixteen petals, three circles and
three lined earth boundary—these constitute Srichakra of Parasakti [three
circles boundary; enclosed by four gates of three lines in square pattern as
Earth-city]
Bindu trilkona-vasukona dasaarayugma-manvasra naagadala samyukta shodasaaram Vrittatrayamcha dharaneesadana-trayam cha sreechakra-meta-duditam para-devataayaah
Like the bell and its sound, like the Sun and its brightness
Nirguna Brahman (un-manifest Brahman) appears as Saguna Brahman (Manifest
Brahman). Brahman is also the primordial Energy or Sakti. Prakriti or Nature when it is not manifested
by activity it is called Brahman or
Sivam. When it creates, sustains and dissolves it is called Sakti or Power says
Ramakrishna Parmahamsa. When you identify it as Siva it does not do anything but
when you call it Sakti it does all things.
Upanishads mostly talk about Nirguna Brahman (Un-manifest
Supreme Being) and this knowledge is known as Brahmavidya. Gaining that
knowledge of Brahmavidya and bringing it to practicality is known as Srividya
(knowledge of Sakti). Brahman is represented by period (Bindu) in Srichakra.
Sakti is represented by triangle—Three Characteristics (Sattva, Rajas and
Tamas); trinity—Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva; and, three States--Srishthi, Sthiti
and Laya(Creation, Sustenance and Dissolution). Everything expressed as three
is the characteristics of Sakti. That is why she is called Tripurasundaree,
queen of three cities. Sakti mode of worship includes Manta, Yantra and Tantra
represented by the three corners of the triangle. The power of Mantra is
manifested in Yantra.
Tantra worship
prepares one to focus on open expression of worship, contemplative worship and
concentration on Kundalini Power (Yoga of nerves or nadis) as well as other
methods of worship. Panchadasaaksharee or
Shodasaaksharee mantra and
Srichakra Yantra are the most important in this multi-channeled
worship which are described in Soundarylahari. Ramakrishna Paramahamsa worshiping
Devi identified his body as Yantra and Devi as Yantree the controller of
Yantra. Bhavanopanishad describes the method to meditate focusing our body as
Srichakra. If we follow with inward focused
love Paraskti who is the very
embodiment of all deities will show all divines and all faiths and worships end
in her only. Moreover as humans we know it is our natural instinct to approach
mother than father when we need something or when we are in distress for she is
ever caring and never denying. She is
easily accessible too. That is why Parabrahman is worshiped as Paraasakti.
SRICHKRA
The Srichakra and Sri Yantra are the aspects of devotion in
Sri Vidya. It includes Hindu Tantric including Kashmir Kaula Sampradaya
philosophies of Saivism.
Three dimensional representation of the Sri Chakra
symbolizes Mount Meru. In two dimensional Sri Chakra, Bindu
or Period in its center symbolizes the peak of a mountain. If we imagine that the
mountain is built up in tiers, each tier is one of the circles of triangles or
lotus petals, with the outermost square representing ground level. Now, if we
imagine a vertical spine down the center of the mountain, then at each point the
spine and a tier intersect, there is a chakra. The peak represents Meru
Mountain, abode of Gods.
Srichakra is bound by a square base with four central
exits in the four directions east, west, north and south. The center point is
Meru the peak in the three dimensional, projection. Srichakra is also called Mandala. According
to Vasstu Sastra temple is based on a square and outermost Prakara (compound
wall) with gates. Some temples have four exits in four directions as in Madura
temple, Puri Jagannath Temple etc., or at least two, front and back or East and
West. Srichakra’s outer square has four exits.
The Gopuram or tower rises above the Garbagriha or Brahmasthana (in line with
it), its tip or Kalasa touching the sky like the peak Meru. Thus Hindu temple symbolizes
Srichakra. 48 letters of Sanskrit called Matrikas in Srividya are supposed to
represent human body. So also the Hindu
temple is conceived as human body.
Srichakra is technically known as a Mandala. Mandala
means that which gathers the essential details (mandam laati). Mandala is the concentration of the most significant
aspect of the world in which the devotee lives and seeks to carry out his
devotion. 48 letters of Sanskrit language is known as Mandala enclosing Purusha
and Prakritias Aham. It is the most significant aspect of devotee’s own
constitution for the purpose of devotion, and it is also the concentration of
the most significant aspect of the interaction of the devotee and devotee’s
world. The forces of the Universe are concentrated in the mandala and at the
same time the energies of psychophysical constitution of devotee is also
centered in the same mandala. Thus the Mandala is a psycho- cosmos-gram, a plan
of the visible universe and the perceiving individual.
Mandala is in
its nature a complex pattern of several geometrical patterns, each of which has
a specific character and a specific function. Sakta Tradition says: Triangle with its apex on top is masculine energy; Triangle with its apex at the bottom is feminine energy; Circle is the cyclical dynamism of
consciousness; square is the physical world made up of the elements; Circle of lotus petals is the
regenerative of power and principle.
Mandala is
frequently referred to as representation of mythical Mountain Meru and our
temples are architectural imitation of imaginary Mount Meru. Srichkra is a
mandala (Kshetra)which is regarded as the body of the mother goddess known
variously as Devi, Tripura Sundari, Lalitaa, Raajaraajeswari, Paraasakti and
Paraa-bharttarika. Srichakra is essentially a pattern of interwoven triangles,
nine in number, four of which represent the male principles, Isaana, Rudra,
Iswara and Sadasiva (Siva Chakra) and five female principles Srividya, Tvaritaa,
Rajarajeswari, Tripura and Pancha-banesi (Sakti-chakra). The Triangle has three
corners or angles hence the deity which it represents is call Tripura , one
that has three fields. The triangle
itself is an emanation from central Bindu or point which is itself un-manifest
union of Siva and Sakti or Nirguna Brahman. Nirguna Brahman as a dot emanates
to a triangle with three aspects of Srishthi, Sthiti and Laya hailed by Puranasa as Brhma,
Vishnu and Siva.
The central
Bindu is in reality is composed of three dots merging into one. One is red, one
is white and one is mixed. The red bindu is Kurukulla the Female form, the
white bindu is Varaahi the Male form, and the mixed bindu is the union of Shiva
& Shakti – the individual as the potential Shri Chakra. Varaahi, the
father-form, gives four dhatus to the child and Kurukulla, the mother-form,
gives five dhatus to the child. These represent the nine dhatus of the human
body. They also represent Moon, Sun and
Agni (fire) devatas. They also represent the three nadis of Kundalini power
Ida, Pingala and Sushumna.
The eighth enclosure
is called Kaama–kalaa which is the immediate evaluate of central point or Bindu
presided over by Tripuramba. Its form is that of a triangle. The three points
of the triangle represents three form of the power of Mother Goddess (Ichcha,
Kriya and Jnaana). Kameswari symbolizes moon, brahma’s power of creation. Vajresvari
symbolizes Sun, Vishnu’s power of preservation. Bhagaa-maalini symbolizes Fire
representing Raudri, Rudras power of Dissolution. Although called enclosure it
is actually the point which is central to the primary triangle, which is the
manifest of the central point. Bindu is actual Mandala or the abstract
Uddeeyaana Peetha in which the three Cities (puras) over which Goddess presides
representing the three powers and also resides there.
Sri Chakra is a sacred
wheel and is a Yantra called Mahameru. It is formed by nine interlocking
triangles that surround and radiate out from the central point called Bindu. It
is the junction point between the physical universe and its un-manifest source.
It represents the goddess in her form of Shri Lalita or Srividya called Tripura
Sundari. She is the beauty of Bhuhloka,
Bhuvar loka, and Suvarloka as chanted in Gayatree mantra (Bhoor-bhuvas-suvarom). Four isosceles triangles with the apices upwards represent Siva and are Masculine.
Five isosceles triangles with the apices downwards, symbolizing female
embodiment, Sakti or Feminine. Thus
the Sri Yantra also represents the union of Masculine and Feminine Divines.
Because it is composed of nine triangles, it is known as the Navayoni
Chakra. These nine triangles are of various sizes and intersect
with one another, with their apixes being all in one vertical line. In the
middle is the power point (bindu),
visualizing the highest, invisible, elusive center from which the entire figure
and the cosmos expand. The triangles are enclosed by two rows of (8 and 16)
petals (dala), representing the lotus
of creation and reproductive vital force. The broken lines of the outer frame
denote the figure to be a sanctuary with four openings (dwara, gateways) to the regions of the universe". The whole
design is placed inside a square field called courtyard or Bhupura, earth stretch in the form of three lines signifying
enclosures. Technically triangles are called Chakra and petals are called Kamala
(lotuses).
Together the nine triangles are interlaced in such a way as
to form 43 smaller (forty-four sometimes counting Bindu central point as a
triangle) triangles in a web symbolic of the entire cosmos or a womb symbolic
of creation. This is surrounded by a lotus of eight petals,
a lotus of sixteen petals, and an earth square resembling a temple with four
doors. The various deities residing in the nine layers of the Sri Yantra
are known as Vimarsaa and the petals are known as Prakaasa. Prakaasa is the principle of Siva, the light of Consciousness,
the illumination Purusha. Vimarsa is the Sakti projected principle, the
incorporation of the projected world, the feminine principle of Prakriti. Prakasa is Brahman while his natural propulsion
is Vimarsaa. The union of the two principles is the foundation for creation as
well as the well (source) into which world dissolves at the end. This expresses
non duality of Advaita philosophy. It was all water everywhere as ocean
(sagara) before creation which is referred as well here. Vishnu is referred as
Saagara in Vishnusahasranama. The Shri Chakra is also known as the nava
chakra because it can also be seen as having nine levels. Each level corresponds to a specific form of the deity Tripura
Sundari along with her mantra. Tantric experts will give the prescribed
mantra for each deity with her specific power.
MYSTIC MANTRA OF SRICHAKRA
Supreme Being is called Akshara. Geetaa says: “Aksharaanaam
akaarosmi”—of letters I am the
first letter “a”. Sanskrit language
has 50 letters—13 vowels + 33 Consonants + two sounds of Anusvaara and Visargah. The first letter short “a” is Siva (Brahman in Vaishnava concept) while
the last letter “ha” is Sakti. (Prakriti in Vaishnava concept). Together they
constitute “aham” which is expressive of Supreme Reality. The vowels from the
short “a” to the unmodified nasal “m’’ fifteen or sixteen in number are
regarded as the “male principle” (Siva) the foundation of content-less
consciousness.
From vowels the five groups of consonants Guttarals (ka varga); Palatals (cha varga); Linguals
(ta Varga), Dentals (ta varga) and
Labials (pa varga) evolve. Gluttarals represent Panchabhutas or five elements.
Palatals represent the Tanmatras of the gluttarals--the pure and bare condition
of the same elements. Linguals represent five organs of action—speech, comprehension, loco-motion, excretion
and reproduction. Dentals represent five sense organs—visual, auditory,
olfactory, gustatory and tactual. Labials stand for mind (manas), ego (ahamkara),
buddhi (Intellect), Prakriti—the feminine principle of action and Purusha—the
masculine principle of undifferentiated but inspiring consciousness. These
twenty-five consonants represents twenty-five Tattvas defined in Vedanta,
twenty-five principles of existence. The other eight consonants called semi-vowels and sibilants are evolved from these five groups.
Semi-vowels (ya, ra la, va) represent the principles of attachment (raga),
wisdom (vidya), Kalaa and Maaya. The last four sibilants (s.a, sha, sa and ha)
represent the principles Mahaamaaya, Suddhavidya, Iswara, and Sadasiva. All-together
these 50 letters exhaust the universe of existence and experience, of
appearance and reality, of the empirical and transcendental orders. The
universe bound by the dimension of its un-manifest origin of Siva on the one
hand, and by the dimension of its manifestation Sakti or Power on the other
hand are illustrated by the alphabet beginning with short “a” and ending with “ha”
Lalita Sahasranama uses 32 letters representing Maatrikas
out of the 51 letters of Sanskrit to describe Srilalitaa to help the devotee
approach the Goddess for benefits. Those
left out are considered harmful. Lalitaa sahasranaama describes Srilalita as
“Maatrikaavarnaroopini” and “Varnaroopini” conveying thereby she is the very form of all the letters.
Sri Chakra, popularly mistaken to be a symbol of Lakshmi because
of the word Sri, is actually a representation of Lalita Mahatripurasundari, an
aspect of Parvati Devi. Shri does not mean Lakshmi, Goddess
of wealth in this context. The confusion is often caused because Lakshmi,
Saraswati and Ganesha are considered to be children of Parvati in Bengal Sakti
worship. The term 'Shri' is used to denote the reverence to be given to this
holy Yantra. The prefix 'Shri' denotes that the Yantra is auspicious,
beneficent, salutary, benign and conducive to prosperity. The Shri Chakra is a
supreme divine instrument in the path of spiritual advancement.
TRIPURA SUNDARI
Maatrika Chakra
accommodates universe of fifty divine letters in the rays of light, Kalaa which
sustains the universe (Please also refer to Brhamachakra with 50 spokes). The 16 vowels are the sixteen aspects of the
moon. These are Thirteen vowels as in the grammar and three more sound symbols,
Anuswara (a closing dot above letter “m”), visarga (:) and half nasal sound of Om or Ardha chandra Bindu (Half-moon dot).
The vowels are the sixteen aspects of the Moon in a fortnight and the 16th
transcendental aspect which is beyond change (a fortnight is a Paksha of 15
days). The constant from the letter Ka till bha are the 24
aspects of the Sun. The consonants from ma the last letter in Pavarga series to
the last are ten (ma, ya, ra, la, va, s.a, sha, sa, ha, ksha). These are the
ten aspects of Fire. As we all know Siva has three eyes representing the Sun,
the Moon and the Fire. These are his energy aspects or Sakti. Matrika Chakra comprises of three fields
called Tripura, or Trikhanda. Hence the Mother Goddess who symbolizes this
Triad is Tripura. She also signifies the three powers that assures her presence—Ichchaa
Sakti, Kriyaa Sakti and Jnaanasakti. In her Power of Cognition (Ichchaa Sakti)
she is called Vageeswari. In her power of Action (Kriyaa Sakti), she is called
Kaameswari. In her Power of Intention (Jnaana Sakti) she
is worshiped as Paraasakti. Therefore
she is called Tripura Sundari.
Tripuraa t Trividhaa devee
Brahmaa--Vihnu- Eesa roopinee |
Jnaanasaktih Kriyaasaktih Ichchasakty aatmika Priye ||
The loving Mother
is Tripuraa with three aspects of Brahmaa, Vishnu and Siva as well as
Jnaanasakti (Power of Intellect); Kriyaasakti (Power of Action) and
Iccchaasakti (Power of Desire).
Tripurasundari Maha Mantra: “Om Aim Klim Sauh
CHAKRA NIRMANA KRAMA
Lakshmidhara
describes in Sanskrit the details as to how to draw a Srichakra nearest to the
description of two dimensions as well pyramidal three dimensions. I have not
made an attempt to translate the same either from Tamil or Sanskrit. Many
modern religiously devoted mathematicians have tried to make perfect Srichkra
of Sri Lalita by following Chakra Nirmana Krama given in Gandharva Tantra as
well as on their own to reach the sacred center. Details are also available in the
publication by Ramakrishna Math. However
it is a thrilling experience to any mathematician to contemplate on the role of Pi in the construction of the Pyramid and also the
construction of Srichakra. Both are
believed to be efficient generators of Cosmic Power, the Entity transcending
the domain of the physical Universe beyond which our mental or other faculties
cannot extend. This role acquires
enormous significance and profound meaning when one recalls its obvious
connection with modern concept of limited but unbound Space-Time-Spherical
Universe. A satisfactory diagram cannot
be produced using line measures alone. The
involvement of pi defies all
attempts to produce a perfect diagram of chakra. The ancient thinkers regarded Pi of unending decimals, a number not represented by
conventional means in a straight line, as a mystical number (please refer to my
discourse on the subject).
Near perfect
diagram takes us very close to, though not exactly to the point where the
Transcendental Energy manifests itself thereby showing how difficult is to
reach Mother Goddess unless She wants us to. Revelation of Srilalita is within
the sphere of will (Sameeepya or nearness) of the Spirit but not the end-result
of personal efforts to reach Saaujya (complete merger). In this endeavor even computers are believed
to have failed to produce a satisfactory figure.
Srichakra is mainly composed of a set of five Sakti triangles
falling upon a single vertical line. Base neatly coming up horizontally and
enmeshed with another set of four Siva triangles, similarly arranged about the
same vertical axis of symmetry serving as the diameter of the circle enclosing
all the nine angles. This is the main frame. The drawing of the main frame is
very complex to bring in 43 isosceles triangles compared to lotuses, rings and
outer square. This main frame of
enmeshed triangles, crowns, or apexes of one set in opposition with the other
set, is further enveloped first by 8 lotuses and second circle of 16 lotuses
within 2/3 circular rings. Finally the whole diagram is housed within an outer
square in two lines with four gateways in four directions.
The concept Bindu representing peak Mount Meru takes us to the
belief that pyramidal space appear to converge to a point attributed to cosmic
power of the Chakra. So, some try to make Pyramidal Srichakra for effective
worship. The Great Pyramid is also
apprehended that way. The triangles of Pyramid
and Srichakra are comparable. So the faithful often tries to make Srichakra in
Pyramidal form. Our idea of Kalasa with coconut for invoking water deities,
Sataari and the Gopuram have allthe pyramidal concept ending in a point for deriving
power from cosmos. Also in wedding we keep two conical shaped cereal sweet
candies (maniparuppu) for worship representing divine couple.
[Spiritually
inclined mathematicians should refer to
the work of Pandit Subrahmanya Sastri and T. R. Srinivasa Ayyangar on Soundarya
Lahari, published by the Theosophical Publishing House, Chennai 1977.]
PANCHADASEE AND SHODASEE
The order and
letters of Panchadasee Mantra is made
easy to remember by the following verse with its meaning:
Kaamom yonih kamala vajrapaanir guhaa hasaa
maatarisvaabramindrah |
Punarguhaa sakalaa maayaa cha puroochyeshaa visvamaataa
aadividyaa ||
[Kaamah= Kamaraja (ka)
; Yonih =source ( e or aye);
Kamalaa=Goddess (ee);
vajrapaanih=Indra (la); guha=skanda (hreem); hasaa (hasa); maatarisvaa=air (ka);
abhram=sky (ha); indrah=Indra (la); guha =skanda (hreem); sakalaa (sa
ka la); maayaa (hreem)
The above verse yields Mantra
letters as shown within in brackets with the meaning to some of the words.
The three tier mantra is as follows:
(1) ka ae
(aye) ee la |
hreem |
(2) ha sa
ka ha la |
hreem |
(3) sa ka
la | hreem |
The first
letter Ka represents kaama or cosmic urge to find expression and
satisfaction or Brahma the creator. The guttural ik combines with vowel a
to make the consonant ka(ik+a=ka)in Sanskrit.
The second letter is e (aye as
in eternal). It stands for feminine
counterpart of the first letter. The letter as written in Sanskrit resembles a
triangle (Ekaaram Konatryaatmakam)
and stands for Mother Goddess. The third letter ee stands for Vishnu (eeyate=vyaapnoti
that which pervades). Vishnu in his Yoganidra is Prajna or deep sleep
state. (sushuptaabhimaanee praajnyah). The fourth letter la
stands for Earth and it is the symbol of the essential condition of
phenomenal existence. Both ka and la appear thrice.
In Pancha
sandhya ritual (five daily prayers) the mantra is worshiped as Kaama kaalee at
dawn, as Bhuvanesvari at noon, as Chaamundaa at dusk, as Samyakibijika at night
and as Kadipanchadsaee at midnight.
“hreem” is the seed
syllable representing mother goddess herself. It is the Taantric equivalent of Om. It gives the sense of completion. Hreem is a complete sound like Om consisting of the seed letter sound ha meaning sky or void which is white,
the middle letter sound ra signifying fire and the color of red and the terminal letter
sound ee signifying Manmatha. The closing sound is half crescent moon dot
like in Om suggesting dissolution. The first three letters also represent Satva,
Rajaas and Tamas Gunas or Characteristics. Ha also
stand for Siva and Ra for
Sakti and ee for their union. The
etymological meaning of the word Hreem is bashful. Phenomenal
world is withdrawn in a state of hiding in Mother Goddess as a child but it has
all the potentialities of unfolding and manifesting. This is very powerfully
described in Yasod-Krishna episode. The terminal sound am represented by half crescent dot comes into operation only when
the seed syllable is articulated and not when written. This is the Vedic style
of expression. This complex seed syllable is identified with the supreme
mother-goddess whose presence and power are sought as Paraa Devataa to pack
into the mantra. Hreem is the seed
syllable of Bhuvaneswari in Taantric concept like Om (pranava) in Vedas. It is called taantrikaa-pranava.
The mother Goddess has
only fifteen aspects as Panchadasee
corresponding to the fifteen phases of the Moon in the fortnight. The sixteenth
aspect that Shodashee includes is
pervasive in all the phases, in her natural aspect of Sat-Chit-Aananda, Pure
Existence, Consciousness and Bliss. Sree(m)
represents pervasive Principle. Shodasee mantra adds Sreem to the Panchadsee only
at the end and so it is not altogether different mantra. This SREE is often
mistaken to be as referring to Lakshmi of Srivaishnava Sampradaya(tradition).
[In strict Sakta concept 1 letter name addressed to Goddess is called Pinda; 2 letter names addressed are called Kartaree; 3 letters Beeja and only 10 or more letters constitute Mantra. That is why Devi addressed with fifteen or sixteen letter mantras as above]
WORSHIP OF SRICHAKRA AT HOMES:
Swami
Tapasyanada gives the following guidelines as to how to keep and worship
Srichakra at homes:
“Sri Chakra can be kept in a house as a sacred
article, without any worship in the same way one would keep a picture of a
Deity or Mother Mary. Some denominations
of Christians worship Kanya Kumari, since they believe Kanya-Kumari to be the
Virgin Mary. It could be worshiped once a year, periodically, or on special
occasions like Navaratri or daily or whenever one likes. Sunday in conjunction
with Pushya Star, one’s own Guru’s birthday, the day of one’s own birthday, Ashtami
(the 8th day of the bright half of the moon), or the 14th day of the bright half
of the lunar month. Friday in conjunction with full-moon day is very
special.
Sri Chakra can
be drawn on paper with pen and ink, or on the floor or plank, bark, or colored
flour to turmeric, kumkum, ashes of yajna and consigned to the river or sea, after
the puja is done. SriChakra can be drawn on gold, silver, copper leaf or plate.
One drawn on a plate made of five metals (pancha loha) is considered very
powerful. The metals are gold, silver, copper, brass, and tin. Sri Chakra can
be used to meditate on its own or with other deities. Scriptures even prescribe how to draw
Srichakra on paper which tantric priests can tell or guide the devotee,
Srichakra drawn on a plate, foil or disc or gold, silver, copper or any other material can be worn on a person as talisman. Sri Chakra is to be always kept flat to the ground and not upright or slanting, except when used as a talisman or as an ear-ring or a ring. It should never be used as a wall hanging. There are lots of commercial houses selling the Chakra as wall hangings. We should not buy them as the hand drawn Srichakra with devotion only imparts sanctity to the Chakra.
It can be
effectively used for correcting defects of the north direction of health,
fortune, career, and money and northeast
(energetically the most sacred and important area of any building). When placed
in the northeast, it improves the spatial energies of the whole house. Defects
in the northeast and north are the most serious, so the Meru Chakra is a
valuable corrective tool of Vedic yantra technology. Even if your home or
office has been built according to Vastu, the Gold Meru Chakra is a great
energetic blessing that enhances the flow of vibrant energy of health and
abundance.
SriChakra is
the most calm, harmless, genteel and non-aggressive of all the Yantras. In fact
a SriChakra is helpful where there are fierce elements disturbing the peace or
creating bad effects, in order to reduce the effect. One should approach the
Divine Mother without any reservations as Mother is the most benevolent, caring
and loving person In the world.
One need not
express one’s want, difficulties, complaints, problems to her. Leave the
options to her for she knows your needs better and will give you what you need
and at the same time she will also protect you‘’.
The king of all Yantras, by its
very presence is enough to ward off all evils and afflictions of household and to bring good luck and fortune. By
construction of this Yantra one acquires wealth and prosperity.
All said and done to draw Srichakra is almost an impossible task for many to accomplish the goals. Srichakra facilitates one to have Aakaasa Tattva or heavenly aspects to gain vital power without any personal initiative”.
WHY IS JAGANNATHA-KSHETRA CALLED SOMETIMES AS SREEKSHETRA?
Jagannatha is
described as the famous deity of Odra or Utkala in Tantrik texts like Kalika
Purana, Rudrayamala, Brahmayamala, Tantrayamala. In the Tantric tradition
Jagannatha is worshipped with the Bija Mantra Klim and sits on the Mahakali
Yantra as Mahakalika, similarly Balabhadra is worhsipped with the Bija Mantra
Srim and sits on the Tara Yantra as Ugratara, similarly Subhadra is worshiped
with the Bija Mantra Hreem and sits on the Bhuvaneswari Yantra as Bhuvaneswari.
According to the
Mahanirvana Tantra:
Mahanirvana Tantra:
Ugratara shulapani subhadra bhuvaneswari | Niladrau tu sakhsat jagannatha dakshinakalika
“In Niladri, Shulapani or Balabhadra is worshipped as Tara (the second Mahavidya), Subhadra is worshipped as Bhuvaneswari (the fourth Mahavidya) and Jagannatha is himself Dakshina Kalika (the first or the Adi Mahavidya.”
Basic Mantra that is used in the Jagannath temple for daily worshipas in Gowdeeya Vaishnava Tradition is as follows:
Kleem krishnaya govindaya gopijanavallabhaya swaha
Kleem
kamadevaya vidmahe pushpa banaya dhimahi tanno ananga prachodayat
You may find in the mantra the Bija mantra kleem is used in the basic mantra as in Devi worship. Siva-Sakti concept in Tantric Saivism is Visualized as Radha-Krishna concept in Gaudiya Vaishnavism.
Jaganntha Kshetra
is called Srikshetra by Tantric followers. Puri Jagannaath Temple has also four
gates as in Srichakra to support the contention of Tantric followers. To
highlight this identification, the deities of Jagannath, Balabhadra and
Subhadra always wear Saris and a nose ornament made of flowers. In Srikshetra
on the north of the temple the Koili Baikuntha is the Deva Smashana, where
Smashana Chandi resides. The animal sacrifices (also called Bali) are also an
important aspect of the Sakta worship. In the Jagannath temple, in front of
Goddess Bimala, fish is cooked in a temporary make-shift kitchen and animals
(especially goats) are sacrificed during the Mahasaptami, Mahashtami and
Mahanavami in Durga Puja.
APPENDIX
I
Bhaavanopanishad
Srichakra is the symbolic representation of the Sri Vidya. Among
the various texts that deal with the concept and practice of Sri Vidya. Bhaavanopanishad
is one of the most ancient. It is a part of the Atharva Veda.
Proper understanding of Bhaavanopanishad is an indispensable aid to understand the
practical and spiritual implications of Sri Chakra. It is the most appropriate Upanishad chanted during
the worship of Srichkra.
Om bhadram karnebhih srinuyaama
devaah | bhadram pasyemaakshbhiryajatraah | sthirair angaih tushtvaa sastanoobhih | vyasema devahitam yadaayuh | swasti na indro
vriddhasravaah | swastih nah pooshaa
viswavedaah | swasti nah taarkshyo arishtanemih | swasti noe brihaspatir
dadhaatu |Om saantih saantih saantih
Om ! Gods ! With ears
let us hear what is good;
Adorable ones ! With eyes let us see what is good.
With steady limbs, with bodies, praising,
Let us enjoy the life blessed by the gods.
May Indra, of wide renown, grant us well-being!
May Soorya, and all-gods, grant us well-being!
May Garuda, of unhampered F flight grant us well-being!
Adorable ones ! With eyes let us see what is good.
With steady limbs, with bodies, praising,
Let us enjoy the life blessed by the gods.
May Indra, of wide renown, grant us well-being!
May Soorya, and all-gods, grant us well-being!
May Garuda, of unhampered F flight grant us well-being!
May Brihaspati, the divine Guru grant us well-being!
OM! Peace! Peace! Peace!
Aatmaanam-akhanda-mndalaakaaram –aavritya sakala brhmaanda-mandalam svaprakaasam dhyaayet | sri guru sarvakaaranabhootaa saktih ||1 ||
Aatmaanam-akhanda-mndalaakaaram –aavritya sakala brhmaanda-mandalam svaprakaasam dhyaayet | sri guru sarvakaaranabhootaa saktih ||1 ||
1. Let us
meditate on the Supreme Being who limitlessly shines with his own effulgence
all around. The Holy preceptor is
alone the Power that is the cause of all.
Tena navarandhra roopodeha || 2 ||
2. Therefore the body with its nine orifices is that form of
the prceptor.
Nava chakra
–roopam Srichakram ||3 ||
3. It is the sacred Wheel in the form of nine wheels.
Vaaraaho pitruroopaa kurukulla balidevataa maataa || 4 ||
4. The Power of the Boar (deity of elements) is paternal; Kurukulla, the deity of animal sacrifice (bali devata), is
maternal.
Purushaartaah Saagaraah || 5 ||
5. The four Purusharthas (human goals) Dharma, Artha,
Kaama and Moksaha are the oceans on all four sides.
Deho navaratna dveepah || 6 ||
6. This body
is an island of nine gems.
Tvagaadisaptadhaatu roma samyuktah || 7 ||
7. The seven constituents of the body like flesh, blood,
tissues, marrow, nerves, bones with
shiny hairs are also nine gems.
Sankalpaah kalpatarava-stejah kalpakodyaanam || 8||
8. Resolutions are the
wish-granting divine tree Kalpaka. The inner light of mind
is the garden of Kalpaka trees.
Rasanayaa bhaavyamaanaa madhuraamla tikta-katu-kashaaya
lavana-rasaah shad-ritavah || 9 ||
9. The six seasons like spring, summer etc., are the tastes, namely sweet, sour, bitter,
pungent, salty and astringent which are realized by the tongue.
Jnaanam-arghyam jneyam havir-jnyaataa hotaa jnaatru
jneyaanaam abheda –bhaava-nam Srichakra-poojanam || 10 ||
10. Knowledge is the material for
worship (water oblation); the object of knowledge is the oblation (sacrificial
twigs); the knower is the one who performs the sacrifice. The meditation on the
identity of the three, knowledge, its object, and the knower, is the worship offered
to the Srichakra, the
auspicious-wheel. .
Niyatih
sringaaraadayorasaa animaadayaah || 11 ||
11. Destiny and sentiments like
love (nine sentiments) are the miraculous attainments like atomicity
(The ten siddhi ideals like anima,
garima), etc.
Kama=krodha-lobha-moha-mada-maatsarya-punya-paapa-mayyabrahmyaadyashta-saktayah
||12 ||
12. Lust, anger, greed, delusion, elation, envy, merit, demerit
emotions--these human emotions constitute the eight powers of Maatrikaa (Braahmee,
Maheshvari, Kaumari, Vaishnavi, Varaahi, Raudri, Charmamunda and Kalasamkarsini).
Aadhaara -navakam mudrasaktayah || 13 ||
13. The nine abodes (six Kundalini power like Mooladhara etc., the top
Akula sahasra and the bottom Kulasahasra
and Indrayoni, the inner tongue
making them nine ) are the powers of the mystic gestures.
Prithivy-ap-tejo-vaayavy-aakaasa-srotra-tvak-chakshur-jihva-ghraana-vaak-paani—paada=payoo-upasthaani
manovikaaraah kaamaakarshinyaadi shodasa saktayah || 14 ||
14. The earth, water, fire, air,
ether, ear, skin, eye, tongue, nose, speech, feet, hands, the organs of
evacuation and generation and the modification of mind are the sixteen powers
such as the pulling power of lust etc.
Vachanaadaanaagamana
visargaananda-haanopaadaanopekshaakhya budhyo-ananga-kusumaadyashtau || 15 ||
15. Speech, grasp, motion,
evacuation, generation (functions of motor organs), and the attitudes of
rejection, acceptance and apathy (the
functions of mind) are the eight entities of the flower arrow
of love (of body-less Madana) etc.
Alambushaa –kuhur-visvodaraa vaarana hasti-jihvaa
yasovatee payasvinee gaandharee pooshaa sankhineesaraswatee idaa-pingalaa
sushumnaacheti chaturdasa naadyah sarva sankshobhinyaadi chaturdasa saktayah ||
16 ||
16. Alambusha, kuhu, visvodara,
vaarana, hastijihva, yasovati, payasvini, gandhari, pusa, sankhini, sarasvati,
ida, pingala and sushumna – these fourteen arteries are the fourteen powers of the All-Exciting (sarva sankshobhini), etc.
Praana-apaana-vyaana-udaana-samaana-naaga-koorma-krikardevadatta
dhanjayaa dasa vaayavah sarvasiddhipradaadi bahirdasaara devataah || 17 ||
17. The five vital breaths
(Prana, Apaana, Vyaana, Udaana and Samaana) and the five minor breaths (Naaga, Koorma, Krikara, Devadatta, and Dhanjaya) are
the ten divinities of the outer spokes, (styled) Sarvasiddhiprada.
Etad-vaayu–samsargakopaadhi bhedena rechakah paachakah soshako daahakah plaavaka iti praana-mukhyatvena panchadhaa jatharaagnir-bhavati || 18 ||
18. The digestive fire (Praana,
Apaana, Vyaana, Udaana and Samaana becomes fivefold through distinctions based
on its association with this pre-eminent breath. (They are) what ejects, what
cooks, what dries, what cooks and what inundates (The five functions of
stomach fire).
Kshaaraka uddhaarakah
ksobhako jrimbhako mohaka iti naaga praadhaanyena panchavidhaaste manushyaanaam
dehagaa bhakshya bhojya-soshya-lehya peyaatmaka-panchvidham-annam paachayanti
|| 19 ||
19. Owing to the dominating functions of the minor breath, these (fires) in the
human body come to be styled as the corroder, the ejector, the agitator, the
yawner and the deluder. They promote digestion of the fivefold food: eaten, chewed,
sucked, licked and imbibed.
Etaa dasavahnikalaah sarvajnayadyaa antardasaaradevatah ||
20 ||
20. These ten aspects of Fire are the ten divinities of the
inner spokes known as Sarvajna, etc.
Seethoshna-sukhadukha-ichchaah sattvam rajas-tamom vasinyaadisaktayo-ashtau
|| 21 ||
21. The qualities of cold, heat, pleasure, pain, desire,
sattva, rajas and tamas (Trigunas) are the eight powers (eight weapons in the
hands of Durga), Vasini, etc.
Sabdaadi tanmaatraah
panchpushpa-baanaah || 22 ||
22. The five rudimentary sound, touch, appearance, sentiment and smell are the
flowery shafts in the hands of the Mother Goddess.
Mana ikshudhanuh || 23 ||
23. Mind is the bow made of sugarcane (The bow in
the hands of Lord of Love).
Raagah paasah || 24 ||
24. Attachment is the rope (that binds).
Dwesho ankusah ||25 ||
25. Aversion is the goad.
Avyakta-maha-dahankaaraah
kaameswaree-vajreswaree-bhagamaalinyo-antastrikonagaa devataah ||26 ||
26. The Un-manifest, the Great, and the Principle of Egoism alone are the divinities of the inner triangle presided over by Kameshvari, Vajreshvari and
Bhagamalini.
Nirupaadhika-samvideva
Kaameswarah | | 27 ||
27. Absolute awareness, verily is Kameshwara.
Sadaananda poornah svaatmaiva paradevataa Lalitaa || 28
||
28. The supreme divinity, Lalita, is one’s own blissful
Self.
Lauhitya-metasya-sarvasya vimarsah || 29 ||
29. Of all this, the distinctive apprehension is the red
glow (Jeeva, Siva, Sakti etc.)
Ananya chittatvena cha siddhih || 30||
30. Perfection (ensues from) exclusive concentration of the
mind.
Bhaavanaayaah kriyaa upachaarah ||31 ||
31. In the performance of meditation consist (various acts
of) respectful service.
Aham
tvam-asti-naasti-kartavyam-akartavyam-upaasitavyam-iti vikalpaanaam-aatmani
vilaapanam homah || 32 ||
32. The act of oblation is the merger in the Self of
distinctions like I, Thou, Existence, non-Existence, the sense of duty and its
negation, and that is the oblation of
worship.
Bhaavanaa-vishyaanaam-abhedbhaavanaa tarpanam || 33 ||
33. Propitiation (Tarpana) is the thought of identity of
(all) objects of imagination.
Panchadasa
tithiroopena kaalasya
parinaama-avalokanam || 34 ||
34. The view of time’s periodic transformation in the form fifteen days (fortnight of a lunar month)
points to the fifteen eternal (divinities).
Evam muhurta tritayam
muhurta dwitayam muhurta maatram vaa
bhaavanaaparo jeevanmukto bhavati sa eva
sivayogi iti gadyate || 35 ||
35. Thus meditating for three segments of the day called
muhurta, or two, or even for a single segment one becomes liberated while
living; such a liberated one is called Siva-Yogi.
Kaadimatena-antas-chakra bhaavanaah pratipaaditaah || 36
||
36. Meditations on the inner-wheel
have been discussed (here) following the tenets of Sakta concept Kaadi.
Ya evam veda so-atharva siro-adheete || 37 ||
37. One who knows that is a scholar
of Atharvasiras who has thoroughly learnt the
truth.
Concluding Peace
prayer is same as in the invocation prayer:
“Bhadram karnebhih…… Brihaspatir dadhaatu | Om Shantih!Om Shantih!Om Shantih !
Om ! Gods ! With ears let us hear what is good;
Adorable ones ! With eyes let us see what is good.
With steady limbs, with bodies, praising,
Let us enjoy the life allotted by the gods.
May Indra, of wide renown, grant us well-being;
May Pusan, and all-gods, grant us well-being.
May Tarksya, of unhampered movement, grant us well-being.
May Brihaspati grant us well-being.
Om ! Peace ! Peace ! Peace !
|| Ityupanishat ||
Adorable ones ! With eyes let us see what is good.
With steady limbs, with bodies, praising,
Let us enjoy the life allotted by the gods.
May Indra, of wide renown, grant us well-being;
May Pusan, and all-gods, grant us well-being.
May Tarksya, of unhampered movement, grant us well-being.
May Brihaspati grant us well-being.
Om ! Peace ! Peace ! Peace !
|| Ityupanishat ||
Here ends the Bhaavanopanishad, included in the
Atharva-Veda.
APPENDIX II
Shodashaaksharee
Srividya of Srilalita
Sivah saktih kaamah kshiti-ratha ravih seetakiranah |
Smaro hamsah sakras-tadanu cha paraa-maara-hridayah ||
Amee hrillokhaabhis-tisribhir-vasaaneshu ghatitaa |
Bhajante varnaaste
tava janani naamavayavataam || (Soundaryalahari, couplet 32)
Oh Mother! Siva’s seed letter Ka is denoted by the word Siva; Sakti’s seed letter ae is denoted by Saktih; Manmatha seed letter ee denoted by kaamah; Earth’s seed letter
la by Kshiti; then, the Sun
seed letter ha by Ravi; Seed letter sa of Moon of cool rays by Chandra;
Manmatha’s seed letter Ka by smarah; Aakaasa (ether layer) seed letter in Hamsa mantra ha as in hamsa; Indra’s
seed letter la by sakrah; then after, Para seed letter sa by paraa-maara-harayah; Manmath’s seed letter ka and Hari’s seed letter la
by (ammee te varnaah)--these
letters of yours along with Bhuvaneswari seed letter hreem at the end
of each group being added present them as parts of your Mantra.
Here Panchaaksharee (fifteen letter) Kaadividya Mantra which has first letter
Ka is secretly conveyed. The first group is ka, ae, ee, la, hreem. It blaze
like the fire at the time of
cataclysm starts from Moolaadhara nadi (Kundalini Power) and touches
Anaahata Nadi. The second group of Kaamaraja ha, sa, ka, ha, la, hreem, shines like thousand Suns all at once starts from Anahata
Nadi touches Aaajnyaa chakra. The third
Sakti group sa, ka, la, hreem shines
like thousand moons and starting with Ajnyaachakra spreads over the entire
spot till middle of eyebrows. These three groups of letters are to be
contemplated upon in sequence one above the other as gold layers. The sound
that starts at Moolaadhara penetrates through these letters like the string
that passes through beads. The seed letter Hreem
of anuswara bindu (Crescent moon period) in all the three groups are called Vahni-kundalinee, Soorya-kundalinee
and Soma- kundalinee, Kundalinee powers named after the deities Agni, Soorya
and Chandra.
The five Elements, Ether (sky),
Air, Fire, water and Earth came out of
the five Vowels in the Panchadasaaksharee (fifteen seed letter) Mantra. Ether’s
characteristic is sound only; characteristics of air are2: Sound + touch; charecteristics of Fire are 3:
sound + touch + form; characteristics of water are 4: sound + touch + form
+taste; characteristics of Earth are five: sound + touch +form + taste +
solidity. Together they make 15
characteristics which is the elaboration of fifteen seeded
Panchadasaaksharee.
The first Vagbhava group in the mantra should be
meditated upon as the face of Srilalita; The middle Kamaraja group should be meditated upon as
trunk portion of the body of Srilalita; and the last Sakti group should be meditated upon as the portion
below the hip of Srilalita’s body.
SRIVIDYA: It
is said that in addition to the
three tiers in Gayatree mantra additionally a fourth tier “paro rajase savatom” should be chanted to reap the full benefits.
The fourth tier of Srividya of Chandrakaala group Ramaa is seed letter Sreem.
With Sreem the mantra
becomes sixteen lettered shodashaakree Mantra. Only then this Mantra of fifteen
letters becomes complete. That is why
the sixteen letters seed mantra is called the secret knowledge Srividya. The
four tiers respectively represent the Wakeful (jaagriti), Dream (swapna), Deep
Sleep (sushupti) and the Fourth (tureeya) State described in Vedanta. These
correspond to A, U, M and the
Crescent-moon period of the Pranava mantra AUM.
APPPENDIX III
Kundalini Yoga
Kundalini yoga is
also termed as Srividyaa. If the worship
of Sakti is done with the Mantra, Yantra and Tantra it is believed that it will
arouse the mystic power Kundalini which is said to be coiled like a serpent at
the base of the spinal cord. Reference to this is made in the main text. There
are six chakras or nerve plexus or mystic nerve centers in the human body. They
are symbolized as lotuses that you see in Srichakra. These are:
CHAKRA--LOCATION IN THE
SPINAL CORD-- LOTUSES
1. Moolaadhaara --Pelvic region; abode of Kundalini where it is lying
dormant 4 Petals
2. Swaadistana --In the groin and above Moolaadhaara--6 Petals
3. Manipura--at
the navel 10 Petals
4 Anaahata--in
the heart 12 Petals
5. Visuda- in
the throat 16 Petals
6. Ajnaa --between
the eye brows 18 Petals
7. Sahasraara-- in
the brain and is final 1000 Petals
APPENDIX IV
Shiva and Shakti Yogas
(David
Frawley)
Yoga
means unification, which is first the unity of all the dualities and contraries
that constitute the energies of life. Yoga philosophy teaches us to understand
and transcend duality, but this rests upon harmonizing the dualities within us
in a transformative state of balance.
Shiva
and Shakti as the dual cosmic principles are an intrinsic part of all Yoga,
which constitutes a natural process of integration and transformation.
Recognition of the cosmic duality leads us into the practice of Yoga, which is
their unification. All Yoga is a development of Shiva awareness and Shakti
energy, the state of the seer and its energy of seeing, drawing the dual forces
from their lower manifestations in the realm of division to their higher
reality in pure Oneness.
The
philosophy of Shiva and Shakti reveals the truth principles (dharmas),
energies, and potentials of all creatures and all worlds. It is a system of
higher knowledge rooted in the Cosmic Mind.
- Shiva is pure Being and Shakti is its power of becoming on all levels.
- Each world has its Shiva nature, its Self or Spirit, and its Shakti power or energy movement.
- Each creature has its Shiva nature or inner Self and its Shakti or diverse manifestation.
- Each one of us has our underlying Self or Shiva factor and our outer expressions through body and mind or Shakti factor. Shiva and Shakti form the Being and power of the individual soul.
Shiva
is Being or the inherent reality that ever is what it is. Shakti is the power of
action or doing arising from it. Shiva is beyond all action, while Shakti is
its power of action on all levels. Being or the Divine presence has a
tremendous power to act when the moment is appropriate, which is the expression
of its Shakti. Shiva is the underlying un-manifest reality and Shakti generates
its outer appearance.
Yet
this duality of Shiva and Shakti, or being and action, occurs within the
manifest realm as well. Every substance has its underlying essence or reality
that is unchanging like the wetness of water, and its manifest relativity like
the waves through which water moves.
Shiva
is reality, that which is ever enduring, while Shakti is relativity, that which
is ever fluctuating, arising and returning to the real. Shiva is unitary reality
or common ground of being while Shakti is the web of multiplicity, relativity,
relations, or interdependence that arises from its manifestation. Every aspect
of the universe has a complementary duality of Being and its Power of Becoming.
Being and Power of the Three Lokas
Each
Loka or realm of existence has its primary principle, being, light or Shiva
factor and its manifestation, energy or Shakti factor.
- Shiva is the fire that exists on Earth as its Shakti or field of manifestation.
- Shiva is the lightning that exists in the atmosphere as its Shakti or field of manifestation
- Shiva is the Sun that exists in heaven or space as its Shakti or field of manifestation.
Being and Power of the Five Koshas or Five Sheaths
Each
of the five koshas or five coverings of the soul has its primary level
of being as its Shiva factor, and its different energies and power of action as
its Shakti factor.
- The physical body or “food sheath” (annamaya kosha) has its overall coherence through the brain and nervous system as its Shiva factor and its diverse processes, organs or system as its Shakti.
- The energy body or “pranic sheath” (pranamaya kosha) has its ruling Prana as its Shiva factor and its diverse pranic activities through the breath, motor organs and nadis as its Shakti.
- The mind or “mental sheath” (manomaya kosha) has its ruling power of attention as its Shiva factor and its diverse sensory activities as its Shakti.
- The intelligence or “knowledge sheath” (vijnanamaya kosha) has its ruling power of discrimination as its Shiva factor and its diverse determinations and decision-making actions as its Shakti.
- The “bliss sheath” (anandamaya kosha) has its ruling power of peace and contentment as its Shiva factor and its diverse experiences of joy as its Shakti.
Being and Power of the Five Elements
Each
of the five great elements has its basic nature, state of existence or Shiva
factor and its diverse qualities, actions and expressions or Shakti factor.
- Shiva is reflected in the nature of the earth element as dense and steady like the mountain, with Shakti as its movement or action through Earth currents and earthquakes, and its inherent power to hold and support.
- Shiva is reflected in the nature of the water element as wet and fluid like the ocean, with Shakti as its movement through rivers, streams and rain, and its power to moisten and nurture.
- Shiva is reflected in the nature of the fire element as hot and luminous, with Shakti as its movement through various types of fire and light from the core of the Earth to the stars, particularly fire’s power to burn.
- Shiva is reflected in the nature of the air element as light and mobile, with Shakti as its movement through the wind and other currents, and its power to stimulate.
- Shiva is reflected in the nature of the ether element as clear and light, with Shakti as its movement through sound and light, and its power to permeate and pervade.
Being and Power of the Eight Limbs of Yoga Practice
Each
aspect of Yoga has a Shiva factor or being and an action or Shakti. The
movement of Yoga is to merge Shakti back into Shiva. Generally the state of
Yoga is Shiva, while the methods and practices of Yoga are Shakti.
- The yamas and niyamas or yogic principles and observances serve to cultivate a calm Shiva awareness and a corresponding Shakti force of self-control.
- Shiva is reflected in the stillness of the asana, with Shakti as the power to perform it and the energy that arises from it.
- Shiva is the nature of the Prana in its state of control or balance, with Shakti as the power to develop it. Yet overall pranayama is more a Shakti or energizing practice.
- Shiva is the principle of withdrawal or pratyahara, and Shakti the action of internalizing our energy. Yet overall pratyahara is more a Shiva or calming practice.
- Shiva is reflected in the concentrated mind, and Shakti is the directed power of concentration.
- Shiva is the meditative mind and Shakti is the power of meditation.
- Shiva is the state of absorption or samadhi and Shakti is its power of bliss.
Alignment of Shiva-Shakti
Yoga
consists of the proper alignment, balance and union of the Shiva and Shakti
energies within us on all levels. The more we hold to Shiva or stillness
within, the stronger, higher, and subtler our Shakti or energy level naturally
becomes. For example, the greater our capacity to dwell in the state of Being,
the greater our capacity for transformative action in the outer world becomes
and higher planes of manifestation will be revealed to us.
Shiva
is the state of balance; and Shakti is the energy of transformation that
naturally arises from it. The state of balance is not a mere neutral zone, like
a scale held static between equal weights on either side. Whenever we reach a
state of balance, the energy is naturally taken to a higher level. There are many
such points of balance or equilibrium that we can cultivate in Yoga, whether it
is a still asana, relaxation of the breath, or meditation and equipoise of the
mind.
The
path of spiritual growth does not mean to deny Shakti in favor of Shiva, but to
align Shiva and Shakti together in the fullest possible manner. That affirms
the essence of both Shiva and Shakti. The highest Shakti is abidance in the
state of the Supreme Shiva. The still point of the Absolute, that is Shiva,
naturally unfolds the full manifestation of Shakti that is the entire universe.
Shakti
creates all things through the presence of Shiva. All her creations are
manifestations of qualities inherent within Shiva. Shiva meanwhile is the
essence or inner nature behind Shakti, not a separate principle. In our outer
manifestation, we are Shiva and Shakti under limitation, with a limited
understanding of Self and a limited capacity for creative action. In our inner
nature ,we are Shiva and Shakti unbounded, with an unlimited understanding and unlimited
capacity for creative action.
Shaktis of the Supreme Shiva
The
Supreme Shiva has its special primary powers or Shaktis. The first is Sat-Shakti,
the power of Sat or pure Being. The power of Shiva to be what he is. From that
root Sat-Shakti five higher Shaktis manifest.
- Chit-Shakti, the power of consciousness that carries the light of Shiva withdrawn into itself.
- Ananda-Shakti, the power of bliss that reflects the nature of Shakti as the supreme creative force.
- Iccha-Shakti, the power of will that gives ruling power to Shiva as the lord of all.
- Jnana-Shakti, the power of knowing on all levels, that is the basis of the higher mind and intelligence in creatures.
- Kriya-Shakti, the power of transformative action, including the Yoga Shakti, spiritual practices and the unfoldment of Kundalini.
The
last three Shaktis form a triad of “Iccha, Jnana and Kriya” or “Will, Knowledge
and Action” that develop in an integral manner and are reflected in the
functions of various deities. They are the three manifestations of Shakti as
Ananda, which is the cause of all manifestation. Shiva and Shakti Yogas
work to manifest these higher powers of Shiva, through which our Shiva nature
is revealed.
Will,
knowledge and action also refer to Shiva as the experiencer (will), Shakti as
the experience (knowledge), and the universe as the object of experience
(action). They are also Shiva as the seer (will), Shakti as the power of seeing
(knowledge), and the object seen (action). They form the three aspects of
Shiva’s triangle or Trishula his threefold spear, weapon or trident.
Shiva-Shakti Yoga
Yogic
approaches can follow primarily a Shiva orientation or what could be called Shiva
Yoga, or a Shakti approach or what could be called Shakti Yoga. Or
they can combine the two to various degrees as Shiva-Shakti Yoga.
Generally Shiva and Shakti Yogas always go together to some degree. Shakti
takes us to Shiva as her goal. Shiva unfolds Shakti as his power of guidance
and grace.
Shakti
Yoga consists primarily of Yoga practices of pranayama, mantra and meditation
relative to different forms and energies of the Goddess as discussed in Tantric
teachings like Sri Vidya, Dasha Mahavidya (Ten Wisdom Forms of
the Goddess), or Devi Mahatmya. Here we will examine the main factors
behind Shiva and Shakti Yogas overall.
Shiva
Yoga cultivates such Shiva-based qualities, attitudes, and energies as
steadiness, stillness, peace, and quiescence. It emphasizes inaction,
withdrawal, and silence, not as the mere cessation of energy but as its
internalization for transformation. Shiva Yoga is primarily a Yoga of being
Shiva, rather than of doing something to arrive at the state of Shiva. This
allies it primarily with Jnana Yoga or the Yoga of Knowledge as a cultivation
of awareness, inquiry and insight, rather than technique, method or practice.
It often follows a path of world negation, renunciation or hermitage in nature.
Relative to practices and techniques, Shiva Yoga involves working with Shakti
as the power of action, particularly relative to Raja Yoga. Shakti is the power
and process of Shiva Yoga.
Shakti
Yoga cultivates Shakti energy as transformation, play, and expression. It works
through creativity, bliss, and ecstasy extending into all forms of art and
culture. It is primarily a Yoga of awakening the Shakti within us and letting
the flow of Shakti guide us on our path. Shakti Yoga employs a variety of
techniques, practices, images, and actions but emphasizing the inner energy
over the outer form. Shakti Yoga does not always have fixed forms or fixed
techniques, but emphasizes the adaptation of form according to and force that
ultimately resides beyond all forms. It proceeds more through inspiration than
through technique, though it may employ many methods. The formless inner
orientation of Shakti Yoga is its Shiva point or Shiva bindu. Most forms of
Hatha Yoga and Tantric Yoga have a strong Shakti orientation.
Shiva
Yoga often follows the way of Self-inquiry, similar to Advaita Vedanta, diving
directly into the transcendent reality of Shiva within the spiritual heart as
the unitary truth. It can also develop through a devotional surrender to Shiva
as the Divine essence of all.
Shakti
Yoga works more through energetic techniques of Kundalini Yoga, Kriya Yoga and
Mantra Yoga, as the Goddess herself is the power behind the Kundalini. It also
proceeds through a devotional surrender to Shakti in various forms of the
Goddess or Divine Mother.
Shakti
is the way to Shiva, so Shakti Yoga or union with Shakti takes us to Shiva Yoga
or union with Shiva. Shakti Yoga leads us to the state of Shiva awareness,
while Shiva Yoga leads us to absorption in the highest Shakti or inherent power
of Pure Being itself. As the energy of Shakti unfolds, it will take us to the
state of total transformation that is the stillness of Shiva. Yoga practice is
a type of empowerment or development of Shakti to take us to pure
consciousness, pure light, or the state of enlightenment that is Shiva. Shiva
is the Lord of Yoga, and Shakti is his power of Yoga practice.
All
Yoga is ultimately Shiva-Shakti Yoga.
Shiva and Shakti are present together in every aspect of existence, pervading
and reflecting one another on every level. Once we recognize this all life
becomes Yoga for us.
March 11, 2019
Interlocked Triangles: The Symbol of Yoga
The
Shiva-Shakti Yantra
Yoga studios are everywhere, even in countries
like Iran and Saudi Arabia, where they have been introduced through the
backdoor via the Ministry of Sports. A few months ago, I heard a thoughtful
lecture by Nouf Marwaai, Saudi Arabia’s first certified yoga instructor, and
met others who had the most heartening stories to tell of yoga in Iran. And of
course, June 21 is celebrated as the International Day of Yoga and promoted by
the United Nations as a celebration of global health, harmony and peace.
Yoga initially appeals for it is good for
physical health. But very soon, the practitioner realizes that the asanas have an influence on the mind,
and as the mind calms and the practitioner become more reflective, the question
of who the individual is comes to the fore. Yoga is not just the yoking of mind
and body as is often claimed, but, more deeply, it is the yoking of the mind
and the self. The body is merely the first step in this ladder of gradual
ascent. [1]
The journey to the center of being does not
proceed the same way and with the same speed for all. For those whose mind is
stuck in physicality, perhaps the benefits of yoga are limited. But for others
it is a path of astonishing self-transformation and access to capacities one
did not know one possessed.
Shiva-Shakti yantra
Most practitioners of yoga are familiar with
its symbol of two interlocked triangles, but they generally don’t know the
deeper meaning of the symbol. Many see them erroneously as nothing but the
joining of the feminine and the masculine principles.
At a deeper level, the downward pointing
triangle is the symbol of transformative energy (embodied by Nature, Shakti)
whereas the triangle pointing upwards is the spirit or consciousness (शिव,
Śiva, the experiencing Self).
An elaborated Shiva-Shakti yantra
But a system of oppositions obscures as much
as it reveals. How do the opposites engage with each other? And is the
engagement two-sided?
Also what does consciousness mean? To the
individual it is the contents of the mind and of all the things that are
happening in the universe what sticks in the mind depends on one’s life-history
and the nature of the cognitions, and the quality of the experience depends of
mood and attention. So the experience of consciousness is a complicated matter
which depends on a variety of things. At the deepest level, it is not the
contents but rather the light of awareness that shines on things.
One way to look at the mind-body interaction
is in terms of the physical and psychological elements. If one only looked at
the physical elements, one must consider earth, water, fire, air, and akasha
(ākāśa आकाश, ether). These are not to be taken literally.
Earth is solidity, water is flow, fire is sublimation, air is movement, and
akasha is ether, the manifold representing contact between mind and body.
In the elemental meaning of the yantra, the
downward triangle represents water (आपः), whereas the upward triangle
represents fire (तेजस् or अग्नि). The intersection of the two is in a
dynamic interplay that may be viewed at different planes.
The circle around the triangles represents
movement which stands for the action of the element air (vāyu, वायु).
The square is the exterior limit of the yantra
and symbolically, it represents the element earth (पृथिवी), where the four sides are the four
cardinal directions.
The lotus is both a symbol of purity and
variety and it is the emanation of light out of akasha (आकाश).
When we speak of purity, we mean the Self, which is not stained by its
interaction with materiality, because it is not in time and space.
At the center of the yantra, is an invisible
dot (बिन्दु), from where the construction begins that
ends with the outer square. At the grandest scale, this is the process of
cosmic evolution, starting from the subtle and ending with embodiment.
Other deities along with their consorts may be
identified with the two triangles as in the yantra below where the deities are
Krishna and Radha.
Krishna-Radha yantra
Interaction between matter and consciousness
The interlocked triangles don’t tell you
whether the spirit itself arises out of the material ground (as is commonly
assumed in modern science) or if the spirit is different from matter (in which
case you need to confront the paradox of how two unrelated categories can
interact). These diverging positions are responsible for a lot of
misunderstanding of yoga amongst laypersons and scholars alike.
Within the yoga tradition, there is no
confusion. The tradition has a very subtle understanding of the interaction
between matter and consciousness [2].
The Śrī-yantra is a further elaboration of the
interlocked-triangles symbol that represents the cosmos both at the cosmic and
the personal levels [3]. As one of the most famous symbols of esoteric
spiritual knowledge, it needs much insider knowledge to appreciate all its
deeper meaning. In it, consciousness (Śiva) is shown as an infinitesimal dot in
the middle.
The interaction between matter and
consciousness is postulated in terms of an observation process called dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭi
(creation through observation), which is consistent with a world governed by
laws [4]. A meditation on the symbol of yoga opens doorways to universal
spiritual knowledge (सनातन धर्म).
Notes
- The Yoga system is complementary to other ways of obtaining knowledge, but it is the pre-eminent way for obtaining spiritual knowledge. See my books Mind and Self and Matter and Mind where this point is further elaborated.
- S. Kak, Play of consciousness. https://medium.com/@subhashkak1/play-of-consciousness-dcf526bcb1e8
- For further information on the Śrī-yantra, see my essay The Great Goddess Lalitā and the Śrī Cakra. Brahmavidya: The Adyar Library Bulletin, 72–73: 155–172, 2008–2009.
- For further information on the interaction between mind and matter, see S. Kak, Artificial intelligence, consciousness, and the self. https://medium.com/@subhashkak1/artificial-intelligence-and-consciousness
REFERENCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
1. Anna,
Soundaya Lahari, Ramkrishna Math, Mylapore, Chennai, India (in Tamil)
2.
Ananta Rangacharya, Principal Upanishads, Bangalore India.
3. Wikipedia, Swami J.com and other internet
Sources
4. Ramachandra Rao, S.K., Srividya –Kosa, Sri Satguru
Publications, Delhi, India
5. Srinivasan N .R., Sri
Vidya, Sri Lalitaa and Baala Tripuraa, <nrsrini.blogspot.com>
6. Mukundan T. K., A Concept of
Hinduism, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai, India.
7. Rahul Acharya, Tantric Concept
of Jagannath Worship, Lecture delivered at Sri Ganesha Temple, Nashville, TN,
USA
[This
is a prepared lecture compiled from above references and others for a discourse
at Sri Ganesha Temple, Nashville , TN, USA, and to benefit those who are not able to
attend the same in person. You are free to download and use it for your reading
and reference as well as circulate to others to spread the wisdom of Vedas and
Hindu values which good act will be appreciated.]
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